Sunday · September 27, 2026
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Lee turns south on July 4; his wagon train of wounded stretches twenty miles through the rain

More than 20,000 casualties and an empty magazine behind him, the Army of Northern Virginia quits Pennsylvania soil and heads for the Potomac.

By the night of July 4, 1863, Robert E. Lee's army had spent its ammunition and its momentum. With more than 20,000 casualties behind him and no way to resupply on Northern soil, Lee began pulling the Army of Northern Virginia south, its wagon train of wounded and supplies stretching fifteen to twenty miles through the rain toward the Potomac. Swollen river waters and a destroyed pontoon bridge trapped the Confederates for days at Williamsport, but Lee's men dug in, held off Meade's cautious pursuit, and escaped across hastily built fords on the night of July 13. The campaign that began with an invasion of Pennsylvania ended in a soaked, bleeding column limping back into Virginia…

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More from July 4
1776

Congress votes: these colonies are free and independent states

Jefferson's declaration passes without dissent; Dunlap's print shop runs off copies tonight for readings across the region.
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West Point opens; the republic trains its own officers at last

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1960

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18311776 Club
A 22-year-old seminary student wrote the stanzas in half an hour after spotting the melody of "God Save the King" in a German songbook.
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More from Civil War & Reconstruction
1868

Logan names May 30 a national day to decorate soldiers' graves; the order goes to every post in the Union

General Order No. 11 puts the commander-in-chief of the Grand Army of the Republic behind a practice Southern women began two years ago.
1862

Seward and Lyons sign a treaty giving both navies the right to search and seize slave ships

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1863

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