Sunday · September 27, 2026
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American history, reported as it happened
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20121776 Club

Phelps swims past a 48-year-old record; London gives him his 19th medal

The Baltimore swimmer, in his fourth Olympics, finishes the Games with 22 career medals in all.

Larisa Latynina's medal count had stood since 1964, untouched through eleven Olympiads. At the London Aquatics Centre, Michael Phelps, competing in his fourth Games, added to a tally he'd built in Athens and Beijing, pushing past the Soviet gymnast's 18 medals medals. He closed out the 2012 Olympics with four gold medals and two silver, bringing his career total to 22 medals overall, and beat Ryan Lochte along the way in the 200-meter individual medley on August 2. His last race in London, the 4x100-meter medley relay on August 4, ended in gold…

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More from July 31
1777

A nineteen-year-old Frenchman becomes a major general; Congress asks for no pay in return

Lafayette crossed an ocean against his king's wishes to join a war that was not his own.
1991

Bush and Gorbachev sign a treaty to cut the world's largest nuclear arsenals

Nine years of talks end with limits of 6,000 warheads and 1,600 missiles and bombers on each side.
17901776 Club
A Philadelphia potash maker becomes the first American to hold exclusive rights to an invention.
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19481776 Club
The battleship that survived Pearl Harbor and an atomic blast could not survive its own Navy's target practice.
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Read the full July 31 edition →Everything that happened on July 31 →
More from Modern America
2007

Apple's iPhone goes on sale; thousands who camped for days outside stores are first in line

Jobs unveiled the 3.5-inch touchscreen device in January as "an iPod, a phone, and an internet communicator" in one, and today the wait ends at Apple and AT&T stores nationwide.
2019

Trump steps across the DMZ line; no sitting president has stood on North Korean soil before today

Kim tells him "I never expected to meet you at this place," and the two go on to talk privately for 53 minutes inside Freedom House, South Korea's Moon kept out at Pyongyang's request.
2011

Atlantis clears the tower; the shuttle program's last mission is airborne

Ferguson, Hurley, Magnus and Walheim lift off from Complex 39A at 11:29 a.m., hauling 9,400 pounds of supplies to the space station.
2001

Atlantis lifts off with Quest airlock; station finally has its own door to open space

Astronauts Gernhardt and Reilly will bolt the 6.5-ton steel-and-aluminum chamber into place across three spacewalks, giving the station a hatch usable by both American and Russian suits.
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